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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-SheatiV 1.

T. R. WINGROVB. RBRIGERATOR BUILDING AND APPARATUS. No. 319,374. Patented'June 2, 1885` VA 'i' y N. PETERS. PhnloLilhngmpher. Walhingn. D. C. l

(No Model.) isneets-sheen 2. T. R. WINGROVE. REPRIGBRATOR BUILDING AND APPARATUS. '74.

Patented June 2, 1885.

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NA FUERS. Phmo-Uthagnphnr, Washinglan, DY C.

(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheen s. T. R. WINGROVE. REFRIGERATOR BUILDING AND APPARATUS.

No. 319,374. Patentedmm 2. 1835.L

N. Pneus. Pmmmhugmpmr. walmngmn. n.0.

(No Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4. T. R. WINGROVE. REPRIGBRATOR BUILDING AND APPARATUS. 374

Patented June 2, 1885.

N, PETERS. Pholouthugraphsr, wnhlngmn, D. C.

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THUMASR. WINGROVE, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

REFRIGERATOR BUILDlNG AND APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 319,374, dated June 2, 1885.

Application [lcd March 3, 1885. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THoMAs It. WINGRovn, of Baltimore, in the county of Baltimore and State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Refrigerating Apparatus and Buildings therefor 5 and I do hereby declare that the following is a`ful-l,clear, and exact description ofthe invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to that class of apparatus for the refrigeration of buildings, Sic., in which the cooling medium is forced through suitable pipes into the upper apartment or cooling-chamber of the building, and there escapes from the pipes to cool the air in the said chamber, which in turn descends through suitable flucs to cool the various apartments of the building, and, after extracting the heat from these lower rooms, ascends through hotair flues into the cooling-chamber, where it is again cooled, the cooling medium being returned from therefrigerating-chamberthrough suitable escape-pipes leading into the refrigcrating-tank in which it is stored; and it consists in the improved construction and combination of parts of an apparatus of the abovedescribed class, as will be hereinafter more fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims. l

The principal object of my invention is to circulate the cool brine through the building, room, or ship desired to be refrigerated in such a manner as to absorb from the heated air at the time of cooling it all foul gases and impurities which it may contain before returning it to the rooms desired to be cooled, and I effect this object by the peculiar construction hereinafter set forth.

Referring to the annexed drawings, Figure l represents a horizontal sectional view of a building provided with my improved refrigerating apparatus, taken on line c z, Fig. 2. Fig. 21s a vertical sectional view taken on liney y, Fig. l.. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on liuc a: x, Fig. 1. Figs. 4 and 5 are enlarged views of portions of the refrigerating apparatus; and Figs. 6 and 7 are perspective detail views of modifications, the nav 4 ture of which will be hereinafter described.

Referring to the several parts by letter, A A represent the outer walls of the buildings, and A A the inner walls, a suitable heat non-conducting and water-proof material being .placed between the outer and inner wallsf for the purpose of preventing the entrance of moisture into the several apartments of the building, andalsoto prevent the rooms from becoming heated by the exterior warm atmos phcre.

The building may be divided into three or more stories by means of the floors as, c, and a.

B represents the tank or reservoir,| which for convenience I shall herein term the brinereservoir,77 and in which the brine is cooled, preferably by placing a coil of pipe in the tank into which the compressed refrigerating agent (preferably ammonia) is admitted, and in expanding absorbs the heat from the brine, which is thereby reduced to a very low temperature. i

For the cooling medium I prefer to use a strong brine, which, after being cooled to a sufficiently low temperature in the tank B, is forced up through the vertical supply-pipe G by means of a small force-pump,]?, of any suitable construction. The service-pipe C extends up through the iioors a aa to a point near the ceiling of the upper cr cooling chamber, A2, where it connects with the horizontal pipes D D, which extend around and across the ceil ing in the manner shown,and have inserted in their lower sides the small perforated pipes d. (Shown in detail in Figs. 4L and 5.) These pipes consist of a small piece or length of pipe, the lower portion, d', of which is bent at right angles to its stem di, and then curved, preferably, into thc form of a circle. The lower side of the circular portion d of each pipe is provided with a series of perforations, d, while the free extremity of the same is preferably closed. A stop-cock, di, regulates the admission of brine into each of the perforated pipes.

E indicates strands of any suitable fibrous material, which are secured upon the small perforated pipes cl, either by making a knot, c, in the strands themselves or by placing IOO , a small ring, c', around several of the strands,

as shown 'in Fig. 7. The object of this arrangement will be hereinafter described.

F Ff indicate escape-pipes' leading from di-` agonally-opposite corners of the Hoor of the cooling chamber down into the brine-reservoir.

G, H, and I indicate the fines for conducting the cooled air down from the cooling-chamber into the various apartmentsbelow, the upper ends of the said flues projecting a little above the floor of the cooling-chamber, while their lower ends open into the apartments below at a point midway between the iloor and 'ceiling thereof, or even higher, the iiues G, H, and-I leading, respectively, into the chambers 1, 2, and 3.

I prefer to place these fines, as shown, entirely surrounding the interior of the building, as by this arrangement the cold air can be more readily conducted from the coolingchamber down into the several apartments.

.Each of these iiues is provided at its lowerl end, where they open into the several rooms, with, preferably, a sliding door, g, h, and z', for regulating the amount of cold air admitted into the several apartments, or for entirely cutting off the supply from any room or rooms not in use.

J, K, and L indicate the central uptakeflues, for conducting the warm air from the various rooms up into the coolingchamber, the said ilues extending from the ceiling of the rooms l, 2, and 3, respectively, to a point near the ceiling ofthe cooling-chamber, the upper ends of the said ues being provided with a cap or deiiector, M, which deflects the warm air issuing from the upper ends of the iiues down into the lower portion of the cooling-chamber.

The operation of my improved apparatusis as follows: The cooled brine is forced up through the vertical service-pipe C, and then circulates through the horizontal pipes D D. The valves d* areI then opened to the desired extent, thereby allowing the cold brine to enter the perforated pipes d, when it drips or percolates through the perforations d3 upon the upper portion of the strands E, when the knots e serve to distribute-it upon the exterior of the main portion of these strands below the said knots. The ring e (shown in the modication, Fig. 7 serves the same purpose. The brine, after trickling down the strands E, falls upon the inclined iioor of the cooling-chamber, the upper surface of this floor sloping away from the center toward the sides of the building, as shown in Fig. 2, by which arrangement the brine is `distributed equally to each side of the floor a', where it runs into the escape-pipes F F', and back into the brine-reservoir B, where it is again cooled and forced through the service-pipe, as before, through its closed circuit. The air in the cooling-chamber is thoroughly and effectually cooled by the cold brine, which covers the exterior of the strands E, and also by the same brine as it flows over the inclined fioor a on its way to the escape-pipes F F. This cold air descends by its own gravity through the cold-air iiues G H I into the chambers l, 2, and 3, entering the said 7o chambers at points at least half-way u p the side of said rooms, or, preferably, even nearer the ceiling. The cold air entering the rooms at these points, falls byV its own gravity to the iioor ofthe room, thereby displacing the warm air contained therein, and causing it to ascend to the upper part 0f the rooms, where it escapes through the central uptake-flues, J, K, and L, into the cooling-chamber A2, being deiiected by the cap M down into the lower por- 8o tion` thereof, so as to come into contact with the-strands E and the cool brine on the floor of the chamber. After being `cooled the airv descends, as before, and thus continues passing through its closed circuit. The cap or 8 5 deflector M serves also to keep the brine from splashing into the upper ends of the warm-air ues or ducts, as it might otherwise do. The cold brine exposed in the cooling-chamber not only cools to a very low tem- 9o perature the hot air which ascends through the central uptake-dues into it, but also absorbs from the said hot air all foul gases and impurities, thereby purifying and drying it before it descends through the cold-air iiues. The cooled briny air which is thus delivered. into the lower rooms, absorbs from the meat,- fish, dried or green fruit, or other articles stored therein all foul air or gases generated,

and conveys them through the central nptakeroo iiues into the cooling-chamber. The number of cold-air pipes G leading into the chamber 3, which is the uppermost chamber of the three desired to be cooled, is greater than the number leading into the next lower chamber, 2, while those leading into the lowest or first apartment, 1, are still less in number. I make use of this arrangement because the upper rooms of a building are always warmer, and therefore require a greater amount of cold air r 1o to cool them than the lower apartments, and

I thereby introduce the greatest amount of cold air into the warmest room,'decreasing, the amount of cold air introduced until the lovypst and coolest apartments receive the least I1 5 amount thereof. An overflow-pipe, N, leads from one of the horizontal service-pipes D to the escape-pipe F, the upper curved end of this pipe being connected to the upper side of the pipe D, so that no 'brine will flow into 12o the overflow-pipe except when the amount of brine entering pipes D and D becomes too great to pass through the small perforated pipes d. A safety-valve, N', permits the escape of brine from the overflow-pipe directly 1'25 into the cooling-chamber should the pressure in the said pipe become too great.

If desired, I :may dispense with the small `perforated curved pipes d, and use in place thereof the :modification shown in Fig. 6, 13o which consists in perforating the lower sides of the horizontal pipes D D and securing the strands directly thereon, the horizontal pipes being in that case provided with suitable cocks Avvy for regulating the amount of brine which it is desired to introduce into said pipes.

Fig. 7 illustrates another modification, in which the cold brine is discharged into a trough, S, perforated at its bottom, and sus- 1 pended immediately above and parallel with a rod, upon which the strands E are suspcnded.

The tank in which the brine is cooled may, if desired, be placed outside of the building vinstead of inside the same, as shown in the accompanying drawings.

It will be seen that by securing the strands E upon the circular portion of the small per-- forated pipes d, I expose a much larger surface to the heated atmosphere which is to be cooled by contact with the brine on said strands than would be the case if the strands were suspended directly upon the horizontal service-pipes, the heated air in this case passing not only between the rows of pipes d, but also up through the central opening in each bunch of strands, which are thoroughly saturated with the cold brine, the air being thus rapidly and effectually cooled, dried, and purified.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction and operation of my improved rcfrigerating apparatus will be readily understood without requiring further explanation.

It will be seen that by constructing and operating my improved apparatus in the manner described, I succeed not only in cooling the several rooms to a very low temperature, but also take up and absorb all foul air or gases which may be generated in the meat, fish, or other articles stored therein.

Having thus described my invention,Iclaim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesv 1. The combination, inarefrigerator-building, of a vertical supply-pipe for the cooling medium, horizontal service-pipes connecting with the upper end thereof, and a series of small circular perforated escape-pipes having fibrous material for the cooling medium extending from the lower faces of the horizontal service-pipes, as set forth.

2. The combination, in a refrigerator-building, of a vertical supply-pipe for the cooling the different stories of the building at a suitable distance above the floors of the several rooms below, other central lines or ducts leading from t-he top portion of the lower rooms to the upper portion of the upper coolingchamber, and provided with a cap or deflector for the purpose specified, and a refrigerating apparatus for cooling the air in the upper chamber, as set forth.

5. The combination, with the vertical supply pipe, the horizontal service-pipes, andthe escape-pipes FF', of the floor a, inclined from its center toward either side, and having at its apex a downwardly-delecting hood, substantially as described.

6. In a refrigerator building of the dcscribed class, the combination, with the upper cooling-chamber, of a series of cold-air iiues or ducts alternately arranged in close proximity to each other to form hollow walls of said building, and leading to the different stories at a suitable distance above the iioor of the several rooms below, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THoMAs n. winenovn.

Witnesses:

JNO. T. MADDoX, GEORG-E F. WIEssNER. 

